![]() 2.11).Įlectrostatic forces hold atoms together in molecules-like the two hydrogen atoms held together in H2 gas. Electrons exist in regions called shells outside of the atom’s nucleus (Fig. Protons and neutrons occupy the nucleus, or center, of the atom. neutron (n 0), which has no charge, it is neutral (0).electron (e –), which is negatively (–) charged and.proton (p +), which is positively (+) charged.The particles that make up an atom are called subatomic particles ( sub- means “smaller size”). 2.10).ĭetermine how charged matter interacts. Common examples of static electricity are when someone gets a shock when reaching for a doorknob or when a child’s hair is raised when going down a plastic slide (Fig. ![]() ![]() The electrostatic forces that hold atoms together in molecules are the same type of forces that cause static electricity. 2.9).Įlectrostatic forces hold atoms in molecules. Methane (CH 4), a common greenhouse gas, has five atoms, one of carbon (C) and four of hydrogen (H, see Fig. For example, water (H 2O) has three atoms, two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. Molecules of compounds have atoms of two or more different elements. All elemental molecules are made of atoms of a single element. Another form of oxygen, ozone (O 3), has three atoms, and sulfur (S 8) has eight atoms. Hydrogen (H 2), oxygen (O 2), and chlorine (Cl 2) molecules, for example, each contains two atoms. Other elements contain two or more atoms in their molecular form (Fig. 2.8) is an example of a monatomic element. Some elements are monatomic, meaning they are made of a single ( mon-) atom ( -atomic) in their molecular form. A hundred million (100,000,000) hydrogen atoms put side-by-side is only as long as one centimeter! The simplest structural unit of an element is an atom. The properties of elements and compounds are determined by their structures.
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